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Electrical energy is generated at various power station & is transmitted & distributed to the consumers. There are …

Over Head Faults

Electrical energy is generated at various power station & is transmitted & distributed to the consumers. There are various faults which may occur in the system during transmission & distribution of electric power.

Over Head Line Diagram

Types of faults in overhead system

Short circuit fault is the most common fault in an overhead system. This may occur in the system due to insulation failure caused by over-voltage or due to broken conductors.

The various faults occur in a three phase overhead system are :

1. Single phase to earth

This may occur when one of the conductors of transmission lines breaks & falls on the ground or guard wire.

2. Phase of phase

This may occur when one of the line conductor breaks & falls on the other line conductor. The major cause of this type of fault is the heavy wind. The heavy wind swinging the line conductors which may touch together & hence cause short-circuit.

3. Two phase to earth

This may occur when two conductors of three phase transmission line break & fall on the ground or guard wire.

4. Phase to phase & third phase to earth

This may occur when one of line conductor breaks & falls on the other line conductor whereas the third conductor falls on the ground or guard wire.

5. All the three phase short circuited

This may occur, if two conductors of transmission line fall on the third line conductor.

6. All the three phase to earth

This may occur, if all the three conductors break & fall on the earth or ground wire or they fall on any other object which is further ground.

Over Head Line Faults Diagram

Whenever any of the faults occur in a transmission line, the line is disconnected from the power system by the protective relays provided at substation. All the faults shown in figure. Out of all the six faults, the first four faults are called unsymmetrical faults because these faults give rise to unsymmetrical currents. The number 5 & 6 are called symmetrical faults because they gives rise to symmetrical currents.

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Er. Hansraj Banger

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1 thought on “Different Types of Faults in Overhead Transmission Lines”

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